柯 林 斯 詞典對英語句子的定義是這樣的:A sentence is a group of words which, when they are written down, begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop, question mark or exclamation mark. Most sentences contain a subject and a verb.具體說來,英語的句子可以這樣來定義:壹個句子就是壹組詞,在書面語中,每壹個句子首詞的第壹個字母大寫,句末用句號、問號或者感歎號;大多數句子有主語和謂語。根據英語句子的定義,我們可以清楚的知道,英語的句子中,大多數句子都有主語和謂語。那麽漢英翻譯,只要我們能把漢語轉變成爲准確通順的英語,就需要搭建英語的主語和謂語等句式結構。而英語本身語 法 非 常 嚴 謹,邏輯非常 嚴 密的特點,所以,在漢英翻譯中,主語的確定就是成功構建英語句式結構的關鍵,也是保證英語譯文和漢語原文功能對等的關鍵。
Before I was taken ill, I had been a spoiled child of my parents, getting things my way in the family. Once isolated and confined to a small house on the slope of the garden, I suddenly found myself in disfavour and my wings clipped.
Helping the truly poor is much worthier than merely narrowing inequalities. And helping the lower class rejoin mainstream of society is in the interests of all.
To continue to propel the modernization drive, to achieve reunification of the motherland, and to safeguard world peace and promote common development are the three historical tasks of the Chinese people in the new century.
The speed of reform of state-owned enterprises must be accelerated (stepped up) to ensure sustained, rapid and sound development of the national economy.
We should take advantage of non public-owned economy, including individual, privately owned etc., to fulfill it's significant effect on accelerating economic improvement, enlarging employment, and flourishing the market.
例14、然而,要想了解壹個人的禀 賦 資 質 和實際能力如何,考試是考不出名堂來的。
But they are of vain if you want to know about the gift, intelligence or practical abilities of a person.
例15、凡事應該適度,適度是 最 安 全 的。
One should be moderate in all things, and moderation is always the safest way.
It's difficult to advance an absolute criterion, it will not be so to judge the very meaning of one's existence generally from whether he is serious about life and what his attitudes are towards work and life.
說明:在這個例子中,我們可以非常清楚的看到,漢語原文有非常顯著的用英語代詞it充當形式主語來翻譯的特征:那就是,如果漢語句型通常呈現出“…是很苦難/很重要/有用/有意義的”等結構,或者是“據說(It is said…),有人認爲(It is taken that…)”等結構。